Preserving national unity: A vital pillar for Bangladesh's future

Bangladesh has long served as a symbol of cultural harmony and resilience in South Asia, maintaining stable diplomatic ties with its influential neighbor, India, despite occasional strains. However, recent developments have illuminated the fragility of these relations, exposing deeper challenges in regional diplomacy. The aftermath of the historic revolution of August 5 has thrown Bangladesh’s relationship with India into sharp relief, as political shifts and social tensions have strained their long-standing rapport. What lies beneath this escalating discord, and how can Bangladesh ensure its sovereignty and unity while navigating these turbulent waters?

India's decision to indefinitely close its visa application centers in Bangladesh, citing instability, sent shockwaves across diplomatic circles. This symbolic move was compounded by subsequent actions that many in Dhaka perceived as overreach. The controversy surrounding India’s remarks on the arrest of expelled ISKCON leader Chinmoy Krishna Das exemplifies what Bangladesh considers interference in its domestic affairs. This incident underscores the precarious balance between sovereignty and external influence—a line Bangladesh has historically navigated with prudence but now finds increasingly fraught.

Such actions threaten to unravel the essence of Bangladesh’s identity as a haven of interfaith harmony. For centuries, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, and Christians have coexisted in villages and cities, sharing festivals and familial bonds. Even amid political upheavals, the celebration of Durga Puja this year stood as a testament to this enduring harmony, with activists from various parties and madrasa students vigilantly guarding puja mandaps. Yet, this vibrant coexistence faces a new challenge in the form of external narratives alleging minority oppression.

The attack on the Bangladesh Mission in Agartala by Indian extremists was a chilling reminder of the potential for such narratives to inflame tensions. While Bangladeshi leaders and citizens responded with measured protests, the incident sparked widespread condemnation, raising questions about India’s intentions. Is this a calculated attempt to destabilize Bangladesh’s internal unity? Or is it a reflection of India’s discomfort with the new political dynamics in Dhaka?

In the face of these provocations, Bangladesh’s interim government, led by Dr. Muhammad Yunus, has called for unprecedented national unity. Political leaders from diverse ideological spectrums have heeded this call, holding collaborative discussions to address the challenges posed by Indian aggression. This consensus marks a rare moment in Bangladeshi politics, where factional interests have often undermined 

collective action.

This spirit of unity harks back to the July Revolution, which ousted Sheikh Hasina’s government amid widespread discontent over student killings and systemic inequality. The revolution represented not just a rejection of autocracy but also a demand for inclusivity and fairness. However, subsequent divisions among the movement’s coordinators and political factions highlighted the difficulty of sustaining unity beyond a singular cause. Today, the India issue offers an opportunity to rekindle that spirit of solidarity—but will it endure?

Bangladesh’s resilience lies in its ability to prioritize the nation’s sovereignty above all else. The recent wave of peaceful protests and interfaith condemnation of the Agartala attack sends a powerful message: external forces cannot exploit religious or political differences to weaken the country. This collective vigilance is Bangladesh’s most potent defense against the destabilizing forces that seek to sow discord.

The implications of failing to preserve this unity are dire. If political factions prioritize short-term gains over national cohesion, the progress achieved in recent months could unravel. A fragmented Bangladesh would be more vulnerable to external manipulation, whether through economic leverage or divisive propaganda. Furthermore, a failure to address internal disparities could reignite the frustrations that fueled the July Revolution, undermining the legitimacy of any future government.

Bangladesh must also contend with the economic and social fallout of deteriorating relations with India. Trade, tourism, and medical access are key areas of interdependence. India, too, stands to lose from a breakdown in ties, particularly given the significant remittances and bilateral trade volumes generated by Bangladeshi citizens. However, the asymmetry in power dynamics means that Bangladesh must approach this relationship with caution, balancing its reliance on Indian goods with efforts to diversify its partnerships.

To mend its strained relationship with India, Bangladesh must engage with a strategy that blends diplomatic finesse with unwavering resolve. Reciprocity must anchor this approach, ensuring that both nations respect each other’s sovereignty and interests. While India is a regional giant, its consistent neglect of Bangladesh’s legitimate concerns—such as border killings and equitable water-sharing—has fueled frustration. Bangladesh is justified in demanding fair treatment. Mutual respect is the bedrock of any sustainable bilateral relationship, and India’s actions must reflect this principle.

The persistent refusal to address the Teesta River water-sharing dispute exemplifies the imbalance in this partnership. For decades, Bangladesh has sought equitable distribution of water from the 54 rivers it shares with India, yet agreements remain elusive. This is not merely a technical issue; it is a matter of survival for millions dependent on these rivers for agriculture and daily life. India must recognize that neglecting these issues risks long-term instability along its eastern frontier.

Likewise, the recurring incidents of border violence, where Bangladeshi citizens have been killed with impunity, are glaring violations of international norms. Such actions erode trust and undermine any narrative of goodwill. If India truly values its ties with Bangladesh, it must end these violations and engage in constructive dialogue to rebuild trust.

While Bangladesh is justified in seeking redress for these grievances, it must exercise prudence in its response. Knee-jerk hostility would only exacerbate tensions and play into the hands of those seeking to destabilize the region. Instead, Bangladesh should prioritize dialogue, leveraging its position as a sovereign state with a strong international reputation for resilience and peace.

This means avoiding unnecessary dependence on India while strengthening ties with other regional and global partners. Diversifying trade partnerships, investing in self-sufficiency in agriculture, and enhancing economic resilience are crucial steps. For instance, while India is a major supplier of essential goods like onions, pulses, and cotton, Bangladesh must reduce its vulnerability by supporting domestic production and seeking alternative sources. This will not only mitigate economic risks but also strengthen Bangladesh’s negotiating position.

Moreover, engaging international organizations like the United Nations to mediate water-sharing disputes or raise concerns about border violence can elevate Bangladesh’s position on the global stage. Such actions demonstrate a commitment to peaceful resolution while holding India accountable to its international obligations.

National Unity as Bangladesh’s Strategic Imperative

Internally, Bangladesh’s ability to navigate this crisis hinges on preserving the newfound unity among its political and social factions. The recent alignment of diverse political parties and religious communities against Indian provocations is a rare and valuable asset. This unity must be nurtured, not squandered by petty rivalries or short-term agendas.

The lessons of the July Revolution, which successfully ousted Sheikh Hasina’s government, cannot be ignored. That movement showcased the power of collective action but also revealed the dangers of fragmentation once immediate goals are achieved. To prevent history from repeating itself, Bangladesh’s interim government must institutionalize mechanisms for inclusive governance. This means creating platforms for dialogue among political parties, civil society, and religious leaders to address national challenges collaboratively.

National unity is not merely a defensive strategy; it is a proactive force for transformation. By maintaining this cohesion, Bangladesh can not only resist external interference but also address internal disparities. Inclusive governance, equitable economic policies, and a commitment to justice will ensure that all citizens—regardless of religion or background—feel invested in the nation’s progress.

While navigating immediate challenges with India, Bangladesh must also focus on long-term goals that enhance its sovereignty and resilience. Self-reliance in agriculture is a critical starting point. By investing in modern farming techniques, irrigation systems, and crop diversification, Bangladesh can reduce its dependence on imports and bolster food security.

Education and technology are equally vital. Empowering the nation’s youth with skills and opportunities will ensure that Bangladesh can compete globally, reducing its reliance on external powers for economic growth. At the same time, fostering innovation in renewable energy and sustainable development will strengthen the nation’s position as a leader in climate resilience—a role it has already begun to play on the world stage.

Finally, Bangladesh must remain vigilant against external narratives that seek to undermine its social harmony. The country’s history as a bastion of religious tolerance and cultural coexistence is a source of pride and strength. By promoting this legacy domestically and internationally, Bangladesh can counteract attempts to sow division. The current tensions with India are a test of Bangladesh’s resilience, diplomacy, and unity. While the challenges are significant, they also present an opportunity for the nation to redefine its trajectory. By maintaining national cohesion, demanding reciprocity in its relationships, and investing in self-reliance, Bangladesh can emerge stronger and more sovereign.

India, too, must recognize that a stable, prosperous Bangladesh is in its own interest. Disrespecting Bangladesh’s sovereignty and perpetuating grievances will only breed resentment and instability. The path forward requires mutual respect, meaningful dialogue, and a commitment to shared prosperity.

For Bangladesh, the lessons of the past are clear: unity is the foundation of strength. As the nation charts its course through these turbulent times, it must remain steadfast in its commitment to sovereignty, inclusivity, and progress. Only then can Bangladesh fulfill its potential as a beacon of hope and harmony 

in South Asia.